Ptychography comprises sampling and analyzing the object’s spatial spectrogram by windowed (or “short-space”) Fourier transforms. Its capability to reconstruct both image and illumination, as well as other experimental conditions including instabilities has proven promising for high-resolution X-ray microscopy. Practical implementation of X-ray ptychography, including instrumentation and relevant reconstruction techniques, will be reviewed, applications from materials and life sciences will be shown and discussed, and — given that a new generation of X-ray sources will increase usable flux by orders of magnitude — particular attention will be paid to scalability of data acquisition and reconstruction techniques.